Summary Of The Book The Communist Manifesto, which was originally titled as Manifesto of the Communist Party, is an influential political manuscript that lays out the Communist League’s aims and program. The Manifesto presents an analytical insight into the class struggle of the historical and contemporary era. The book also highlights the problems of capitalism.
The Communist Manifesto is divided into 4 sections. The first part is Bourgeois and Proletarians. It focuses on the Communist theory of the history and relation between the Bourgeois and the Proletarians. The next section, Proletarians and Communists, attempts to understand the relationship between Proletarians and Communists. The third part discusses the Socialist and Communist Literature and their flaws. The final part discusses the position of the Communists and its relation to the other opposition parties.
This edition of The Communist Manifesto has been edited by Gareth Stedman Jones. In this edition, he discusses The Reception of the Manifesto, The Communist League, The Spectre of Communism, and Engel’s and Marx’s contributions. Gareth Stedman Jones also discusses the The Young Hegelians including Hegel and Hegelianism, the Emergence of the Young Hegelians, and the Battle over Christianity. It also discuses the Political Economy, Communism, The True Natural History of Man, The Impact of Stirner, and the transformation from Republicanism to Communism.
Written after 4 years of collaboration between Engel and Marx, The Communist Manifesto was originally written in German and published on 21 February 1848. When it was originally published, it raised much controversy. Today, it is an important manifesto, a powerful historical document, and an important classical work.
About The Authors Karl Heinrich Marx was an influential socialist, economist, historian, writer, and philosopher from Germany. Some of his prominent works include Das Kapital, On the Jewish Question, The German Ideology, The Poverty of Philosophy, The Holy Family, Theses on Feuerbach, and Wage Labour and Capital. Born in Germany, Karl's ideas have had much impact throughout the politics of the world and its intellectuals. His name is featured among the most influential people in human history. He was born into a wealthy middle-class family and completed his education from the University of Berlin and the University of Bonn.
Friedrich Engels was a German writer, social scientist, philosopher, and political theorist. Other works by him include Herr Eugen Dühring's Revolution in Science, Socialism: Utopian and Scientific, The Condition of the Working Class in England, and The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State. Born in 1820, Engels is the co-founder of the Marxist theory. His political philosophy, theory of class struggle, and capitalist theory have been studied universally. He died aged 74 in London on 5th August 1895.
Gareth Stedman Jones is a professor and historian from Britain. Other works by him include Outcast London, Languages of Class: Studies in English Working Class History, An End to Poverty?, and Klassen, Politik, Sprache. He completed his schooling from St. Paul's School and degree from Lincoln College of Oxford. He has a D.Phil from Nuffield College, Oxford. He is also a Fellow of King's College at Cambridge. He currently works as a professor at the University of London.
Table of Contents Introduction by Gareth Stedman Jones Acknowledgments
Part I: Introduction 1. Preface 2. The Receptio of the Manifesto 3. The "Spectre of Communism" 4. The Communist League 5. Engels' Contribution 6. Marx's Contribution: Prologue 7. The Young Hegelians (i) Hegel and Hegelianism (ii) The Battle over Christianity and the Emergence of the Young Hegelians 8. From Republicanism to Communism 9. Political Economy and "The True Natural History of Man" 10. The Impact of Stirner 11. Communism (i) The Contribution of Adam Smith (ii) The History of Law and Property (iii) The Contemporary Discussion of Communism 12. Conclusion 13. A Guide to Further Reading
Part II: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: The Communist Manifesto * A Note on the Text * Preface to the German Edition of 1872 * Preface to the Russian Edition of 1882 * Preface to the German Edition of 1883 * Preface to the English Edition of 1888 * Preface to the German Edition of 1890 * Preface to the Polish Edition of 1892 * Preface to the Italian Edition of 1893
The Manifesto of the Communist Party 1. Bourgois and Proletarians 2. Proletarians and Communists 3. Socialist and Communist Literature I. Reactionary Socialism a. Feudal Socialism b. Petty-Bourgeois Socialism c. German, or "True," Socialism II. Conservative, or Bourgeois, Socialism III. Critical-Utopian Socialism and Communism 4. Position of the Communists in Relation to the Various Existing Opposition Parties Notes Index
Karl Marx (5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist and socialist revolutionary. Born in Trier, Germany, Marx studied law and philosophy at university. He married Jenny von Westphalen in 1843. Due to his political publications, Marx became stateless and lived in exile with his wife and children in London for decades, where he continued to develop his thought in collaboration with German thinker Friedrich Engels and publish his writings, researching in the reading room of the British Museum. His best-known titles are the 1848 pamphlet, The Communist Manifesto, and the three-volume Das Kapital. His political and philosophical thought had enormous influence on subsequent intellectual, economic and political history and his name has been used as an adjective, a noun and a school of social theory. Marx's theories about society, economics and politics – collectively understood as Marxism – hold that human societies develop through class struggle. In capitalism, this manifests itself in the conflict between the ruling classes (known as the bourgeoisie) that control the means of production and the working classes (known as the proletariat) that enable these means by selling their labour power in return for wages. Employing a critical approach known as historical materialism, Marx predicted that, like previous socio-economic systems, capitalism produced internal tensions which would lead to its self-destruction and replacement by a new system: socialism. For Marx, class antagonisms under capitalism, owing in part to its instability and crisis-prone nature, would eventuate the working class' development of class consciousness, leading to their conquest of political power and eventually the establishment of a classless, communist society constituted by a free association of producers. Marx actively pressed for its implementation, arguing that the working class should carry out organised revolutionary action to topple capitalism and bring about socio-economic emancipation. Marx has been described as one of the most influential figures in human history, and his work has been both lauded and criticised. His work in economics laid the basis for much of the current understanding of labour and its relation to capital, and subsequent economic thought. Many intellectuals, labour unions, artists and political parties worldwide have been influenced by Marx's work, with many modifying or adapting his ideas. Marx is typically cited as one of the principal architects of modern social science.
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